Niedrig M, Stahl-Hennig C, Hunsmann G (2002): Intranasal yellow fever vaccination. Official Gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark Office Patents
1254 (2): US 6337073, 2002.

The invention relates to vaccine preparations, pharmaceutical preparations and methods for inducing protective immunity in humans using a live, attenuated yellow fever virus of strain D17 preferably administered by an intranasal route of administration. The inventors have also developed an assay for detecting the induction of both the binding and neutralizing antibodies formed in a protective immune response in humans who have received an intranasal vaccine preparation of the kind described.

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