Röske K, Schumann A, Hannöver W, Grempler J, Thyrian JR, Rumpf HJ, John U, Hapke U (2008): Postpartum Smoking Cessation and Relapse Prevention Intervention: A Structural Equation Modeling Application to Behavioral and Non-behavioral Outcomes of a Randomized Controlled Trial
J. Health Psychol. 13 (4): 556-568.

The aim of the study was to test the effectiveness of a postpartum smoking cessation and relapse prevention intervention. Structural equation modeling techniques were applied to evaluate the impact of the intervention on smoking behavior and on non-behavioral variables derived from the Transtheoretical Model (TTM). Women were randomized to an intervention (I) and control group (C). Smoking status, TTM-variables, and control variables were assessed four weeks, six and 12 months postpartum. Membership in the intervention group significantly predicted non-smoking and higher self-efficacy six months, but not one year postpartum, after controlling for demographic, smoking, and postpartum risk variables.