Schaudien D, Schwab S, Linke S, Seeliger F, Pauli G, Baumgärtner W, Herden C (2008): Lack of detectable West Nile virus RNA in brains and kidneys of dogs and cats with immunohistological precipitates using virus-specific antibodies
Vet. Microbiol. 132: 171-176, doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.05.007.

Five dogs and four cats from Germany suffering from encephalitis revealed positive immunoreactivity using two West Nile virus (WNV) specific monoclonal antibodies in brain and in kidney. However, WNV-infection could not be confirmed by additional PCR analyses. This study indicated that positive immunoreactivity for WNV in dogs and cats must be interpreted cautiously and should be confirmed by a second virus-specific technique.