Silva PA, Stark K, Mockenhaupt FP, Reither K, Weitzel T, Ignatius R, Saad E, Seidu-Korkor A, Bienzle U, Schreier E (2008): Molecular characterization of enteric viral agents from children in northern region of Ghana
J. Med. Virol. 80 (10): 1790-1798.

Viral gastrointestinal infections are among the most important causes of childhood morbidity and mortality, especially in non-industrialized countries. The objective of this study was the molecular characterization of rotaviruses, noroviruses, adenoviruses, astroviruses, and enteroviruses obtained from 367 children in the Northern Region of Ghana. One hundred and forty-two rotavirus-positive stool samples were examined. The most frequent type identified was G1P[8] occurring in 80% of the cases. Of 27 norovirus positive samples, 5 isolates belonged to genogroup I and 22 to genogroup II. Adenoviruses were detected in 73 samples; 23.3% of these belonged to genogroup F, 31.5% to D, 17.8% to A, 15.1% to C, and 12.3% to B. Astrovirus typing of 12 positive samples displayed a distribution into four different genotypes: five sequences clustered with AstV-8, four with AstV-2, two with AstV-5, and one with AstV-6. Twenty-three different enterovirus types were identified in 45 positive samples, coxsackievirus A24 being the most frequent pathogen (18%). This first, comprehensive molecular characterization of enteric viruses in northern Ghana provides baseline data for the molecular epidemiology of these pathogens and immunisation strategies. The available rotavirus vaccines cover the predominant G1P[8] type and would reduce substantially disease burden in that area.